New Mexico lawmakers are advancing Senate Bill 17 (SB17), officially titled the Stop Illegal Gun Trade and Extremely Dangerous Weapons Act, a proposal that has ignited intense debate among gun owners, firearms dealers, and Second Amendment advocates nationwide. Critics argue the bill goes far beyond crime prevention and instead represents a sweeping restriction on lawful firearm ownership and commerce.

SB17 redefines a broad range of commonly owned firearms and accessories as “extremely dangerous,” including gas-operated semi-automatic rifles, magazines over 10 rounds, and .50 caliber rifles and ammunition. These firearms are among the most widely owned in the United States for lawful purposes such as self-defense, sport shooting, and hunting, placing the bill squarely in the center of constitutional scrutiny.

The legislation also imposes extensive new requirements on federally licensed firearms dealers. Mandates include state-approved security systems, reinforced buildings, continuous video surveillance with long-term data retention, frequent reporting requirements, and expanded law-enforcement access to business records. Opponents warn these measures could force small and rural gun stores out of business, effectively limiting access to firearms without direct confiscation.

Additionally, SB17 includes provisions restricting who may handle firearms in a retail setting, requiring ongoing state-approved training and background checks for employees, and permanently retaining transaction records—raising concerns about the creation of a de facto firearm registry.

As the bill continues through the legislative process, SB17 is being closely watched beyond New Mexico’s borders. Supporters frame it as a public safety measure, while critics view it as a model for future firearm restrictions in other states. The outcome could have significant implications for gun policy, firearms commerce, and Second Amendment challenges nationwide.