One of the most closely watched Second Amendment cases in the country, Duncan v. Bonta, is approaching a critical moment as the U.S. Supreme Court decides whether to hear the challenge to California’s ban on magazines capable of holding more than 10 rounds. The outcome could affect millions of firearm owners and reshape gun rights litigation nationwide.

The case challenges California Penal Code 32310, which prohibits possession of so-called “large-capacity” magazines. After nearly a decade of litigation, multiple district court victories, Ninth Circuit reviews, and a Supreme Court remand following the landmark Bruen decision, the case is once again awaiting action from the nation’s highest court.

If the Supreme Court declines to hear the case, California’s magazine ban could become fully enforceable within days after the Ninth Circuit issues its mandate. Violations could carry fines, misdemeanor charges, and, in some circumstances, more severe criminal penalties.

If the Court grants review, however, enforcement of the law would likely remain blocked while the case proceeds. With only a limited number of Supreme Court conferences remaining, firearm owners across California are closely watching for what could become one of the most consequential Second Amendment decisions in years.